The fabled Incense Road, the ancient aromatics trade route that stretched between India and the Mediterranean (and with many way-points throughout the Arabian peninsula), has long been shrouded in mystery. Yet as new discoveries are made, greater insight is gained into the millennia-old "life and times" of this dusty overland route.
One new insight was announced earlier this month by Israeli archeologists studying geopolitical boundaries of more than 2,000 years ago along the Mediterranean segment of the Incense Road. Their findings indicate that peoples of the time used the road as a means of establishing control over the nearby Negev desert lands.
According to the Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA), the Hasmoneans (the 100-year-old dynasty of an independent Jewish state known as the Hasmonean Kingdom of Israel) built a fortress, called Horvat Ma'agurah, along the Incense Road between Petra (seen below) and Gaza. The purpose of this fortress is believed to have been a means by which the Hasmoneans could keep its enemies out of Negev.
Petra
The peoples most adversely affected by this measure were the Nabateans, an oasis-dwelling Arabic people who preferred the myrhh, frankincense and spice trades to their more agriculturally inclined neighbors. The Nabateans' own contributions to history are great: their invention of a North Arabic script would eventually became Modern Arabic script.
If you are an enthusiast for history, maps, incense and textiles, or some intersection thereof, this all makes for very illuminating and entertaining reading. Click any of the links above to learn more about this aspect of the Incense Road and for additional details about the IAA's findings. The Nabatean site is especially rich with images and documents, and even provides details about that other storied aromatics trade route, the Incense Sea Route.